- Most common form of diabetic retinopathy.
- After 20 years of the disease, almost 100% of patients with type
1 and 60% of type 2 have some degree of retinopathy.
- Clinical features:
- Signs:
- Microaneurysm, intraretinal hemorrhages, cotton wool spots
and hard exudates
- Venous tortuosity or beading, capillary dropout and intraretinal
microvascular abnormalities (IRMA)
- Increasing formation of microaneurysm leads to increased
vascular permeability of the retinal capillaries and result
in retinal edema particularly in the macular area
- Fluorescein angiography demonstrates:
- Scattered hyperfluorescence dots of microaneurysms which can
be associated with minimal dye leakage
- Spots of hypofluorescense in the area of hemorrhages and exudates
- Areas of irregular capillary pattern or capillary closure
- Management:
- Improve patients education and understanding about the disease
process.
- Control of blood glucose, cholesterol and blood pressure.
- Photocoagulation in severe nonproliferative retinopathy.
- Annual check-up 5 years after onset for patient aged less than
30 years old, and at time of diagnosis for patients aged 30 and
older.
- Frequency of scheduled check-up depends on the status of the
retinopathy.
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